GENETICS!!!!!!

Hi so have you ever wondered why you have a certain hair color or why your eyes are a certain color or why you look the way you do. Well it's because of Genetics.

 You get these traits from your parents. The passing of these traits is called heredity.Like if your dad brown eyes and you have brown eyes to. That is a trait passed down from your dad to you. You can inherit something from your mom or dad. Like if your dad does something than you you might start doing the same thing because you picked it up by watching him.

You have 46 chromosomes. 23 are from your dad and 23 are from your mom. These chromosomes are in sperm cells and egg cells.

 Gregor Mendel was an Austrian scientist in the 1800s, he wanted to know how kids got traits from their parents. So he did an experiment with pea plants he combined them together and observed their outcomes. He came up with the idea of recessive and dominant traits through many different generations of pea plants. He is now know as The Father Of Genetics.

DNA Mutation

Hey so I will be talking about DNA mutation(no not the mutts in hunger games). But mutation is caused when a cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division or DNA is damaged from things like ultraviolet light, nuclear radiation or some chemicals.

WARNING: You will not become a superhero like hulk or spiderman if you jump in toxic waste or or expose yourself to radiation.  

There are several types of mutation there is frame shift, inversion, and deletion.

Frame shift is when at least one base is added or deleted. Inversion is when the nucleotide sequence reverses. Deletion is when a certain nucleotide is deleted and it messes up the coding.

            BYE!!!!!!!!

DNA

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is bascially your genetic makeup or what makes you you and seperates you from the person next to you.  Like the DNA in somebodys blood is the same as the DNA in their skin cells and saliva.

Without Dna it would be really had to tell who committed a crime. But if somebody does commit a crime any skinflakes or blood left behind makes it easy to tell who did it.

Rosalind Elsie Franklin


Rosalind was born on July 25, 1920 and died on April 16, 1958. She was a  British biophysicist who made great contributions to the study of the fine molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal and graphite.Rosalind is known for her work on X-ray diffraction of DNA which led to the discovery of  DNA's double helix.

Maurice Wilkins 


Maurice was born on December 15, 1916 and died October 5, 2004. He was born in New Zealand and later became an English physicist and Molecular biologist. He helped in  X-ray diffraction, and  the development of radar.

James Dewey Watson




He was born on April 6, 1928 in U.S.A. He is a Molecular biologist he is the co-discover of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick. He was awarded the nobel prize for physiology. 

Francis Harry Compton Crick

Francis Crick was born on  June 8,1916 and died on July 28,2004. He was a english Molucular Biologist and Nueroscientist. He worked with James D. Watson on the structure of the DNA molucule in 1953. Won the Nobel prize for physciology along with James.

Jesse Jackson

http://votingfemale.wordpress.com/category/jesse-jackson/

Jesse Jackson was born on October 8, 1941 in Greenville, South Carolina. He graduated from Sterling High School and got a football scholarship to the University of Illinois  Soon after he went there he transferred to North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College in Greensboro.

http://electronicvillage.blogspot.com/2008/12/jesse-jackson-1988-democratic-national.html

In 1965 Jesse Jackson met Dr. Martin Luther King Jr at a place called Selma March. And he was made the leader of the Chicago branch of Operation Breadbasket which was made by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1962. Operation Breadbasket was a civil rights group that tried to get more job opportunities for Blacks.

http://saynsumthn.wordpress.com/tag/abortion-in-the-hood/

In 1984 Jesse Jackson ran for the Democratic Nomination. He didnt win but he did have 450 delgates. But he did run again in 1988  This time  He targeted all minority groups such as blacks and Hispanics along with more white voters. This time he got 1200 delegates. But it wasn’t enough to win. Many people didnt think he could win. Even though he didnt win the race people thought Jackson ran just to prove to people that a black person could still do well in a Presidential election.

http://www.quia.com/sh/42191.html

The other day we went to the Atlanta History Center and it was really fun because we got a sheet with a name of a person who actually fought in the Civil War. On our sheet We had a certain amout of money, Healt points, and moral points. We also had to make decisions that real soilders had to make to. Like if we didnt have any food should we steal some from the enemy farmer and once you chose you had to spin a spinner and it decided if you got shot or got away. But I ended up dead but atleast I was sane. 

Mitosis

Hello people today we will talk about cells.


Well first a cell divides to make to identical cells called daughter cells. But it does this through mitosis. Mitosis has different stages like interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.

Interphase is when the DNA has been replicated but has not become a chromosome yet. They still are chromatin.

Prophase is when The DNA molecules shorten to form chromosomes. And you cant see the nuclear membrane.

Metaphase is when the spindle fibers attach  to the centromeres of the chromosomes and align the the chromosomes.

Anaphase is when the spindle fibers shorten and the centromere splits and separated sister chromatids are pulled behind the centromeres. 

Telophase is when the chromosomes reach the poles of their spindles. And the spindle fibres disintegrate.

Cytokinesis is when the cell fully divides and there are now two cells.

Moving Cellular Material

Passive Transport:


Passive transport works by diffusion or osmosis. 
Diffusion is like when someone sprays like Lysol or febreeze. Where the lysol is sprayed that is the high concentration area. Then once the lysol spreads around the room that is called low  areas. 


Osmosis is when water molecules are diffused across the cell membrane

Active Transport: is like passive transport but it needs energy to work because it pushes the molecules along the cell membrane.

Facilitated Diffusion:is a type of passive transport that allows stuff to cross membranes.

Endocytosis is when a solid or liquid enters a cell.And exocytosis is when a solid or liquid exits a cell. 

After Caffine

 

Cells

prokaryotic cells

Bacteria is an example of a prokaryotic cell.  

prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane bound nucleus.And pro-karyotic is Greek for before nucleus. Besides bacteria some algae are prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells make apple trees, mushrooms and dust mites. They have areas called organelles that live in the eukaryotic cell. Different organelles have different roles in the cell like the mitochondria makes energy from food molecules, lysosomes break down and recycle organelles, and the endoplasmic reticulum builds membranes and transports protein throughout the cell.